Country-Specific Articles: A-E

Algeria:

• “Putting dissent on hold,” Anne Wolf, Good Governance Africa, May 2013. {GGA}
• “A Look At Algeria’s Internet, And The Government That’s Too Scared To Shut It Down,” Motherboard.tv, Feb 15, 2011. {motherboard.tv}
• “A review of the ICT sector in Algeria,” MAP-IT! Review Meeting & INESCO, Mar 5, 2008. {Google}
• “Internet Penetration and Infrastructure,” eBusinessForum, Sept 2001. {ebusinessforum.com}

Angola:

• “Angola Cables – Out of the depths,” Business Excellence, Nov 10, 2014. {Bus-Ex}
• “Mobile Industry In Africa : Angolan Mobile Industry Blazing A Trail,” Amgoo Telecom, Aug 14, 2014. {Amgoo}
• “Angola is leading the development of the ICT sector in Africa,” Worldfolio, Jul 2014. {Worldfolio}
• “ANGOLA 2011-2015 Country Strategy Paper & 2010 Country Portfolio Performance Review,” AfDB, Jan 2011. {AfDb}
• “Nova lei sobre a “TIC” é inconstitucional diz jurista Mihaela Webba,” Club-K, Apr 8, 2011. {club-k.net}
• “Internet Development in Angola,” Almada & Cogle, 2006. {nsrc.org}

Benin:

• “2eme Forum National sur la Gouvernance de l’Internet au Bénin (BIGF),” Benin MCTIC, July 2013. {WAIGF}
• “1er Forum National sur la Gouvernance de l’Internet au Bénin (BIGF) Communiqué final, Benin MCTIC, Sept 27, 2012 {WAIGF}
• “Atelier IGL Benin 2012 Compte Rendu Final,”, ISOC & IGL Benin, Sept 2012. {Scribd}
• “Benin ICT Sector Performance Review 2010,” Research ICT Africa Vol 2 Paper 18, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}
• “Internet and e-commerce industry in Benin”, allWestAfrica, Sept 14, 2010. {allwestafrica.com}
• “Le Benin et l’Afrique dans la societe de l’information,” Iafric, Last updated 2009. {iafric.net}

Botswana:

• “Mobile Industry In Africa: Botswana, Leading The Digital Pack,” Amgoo Telecom, Dec 11, 2014. {Amgoo}
• Sey, A., Coward, C., Rothschild, C., Clark, M., and Koepke, L. (2013). Public libraries connecting people for development: Findings from the Global Impact Study. Seattle: Technology & Social Change Group, University of Washington Information School. {TASCHA}
• “E-Government: Challenges and Opportunities in Botswana,” Nugi Nkwe, IJHSS, Vol. 2 No. 17; September 2012. {IJHSS}
• “An Assessment of Awareness, Usage Pattern and Adoption of 3G Mobile Services in Botswana,” Deepti Garg and Ajay K. Garg, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, August 2011. {IJCTE}
• “Towards an Information Society in Botswana: ICT4D Country Report,” Balulwami Grand, Stephen M Mutula, Peter M. Sebina, Saul Zulu, 2010. {ngopulse.org}
• “Botswana Case Study: ALICT Consultation Workshop,” GESCI, 2009. {Google}

Burkina Faso:

• “Bet on Complementarity,” Inoussa Maiga, ABJCA, Nov 8, 2013. {Communication Initiative}
• “En avant pour le Burkina 2.0,” Damien Glez, SlateAfrique, Nov 15, 2011. {slateafrique.com}
• “DIRECTION GERERALE DE LA COORDINATION DES PROGRAMMES DE DEVELOPPEMENT DES TIC,” WAIGF, Nov 2010. {waigf.org}
• “Burkina Faso ICT Sector Performance Review 2010,” Research ICT Africa Vol 2 Paper 19, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}
• “Quelques dates importantes de l’introduction de l’internet au Burkina Faso,” Onatel, 1998. (Web Archive) {web.archive.org}

Burundi:

• “Mobile Industry In Africa: Burundi. Small, But Mighty,” Amgoo Telecom, Sept 8 2014. {Amgoo}
• “The Internet Exchange Point Experience in Burundi,” 2012. {Docstoc}
• “Report on IGF Burundi,” Victor Ciza, July 2012. {EAIGF}
• “Burundi Presentation on the Ongoing Reforms/Projects,” Jérémie Hageringwe, ARCT, July 2012. {EAIGF}

Cameroon:

• “ICT for the Development of Labour Productivity in Cameroon,” Choub Faha et. al, The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, Vol 69, 2015. {EJISDC}
• “Internet and Broadband in Cameroon: Barriers to Affordable Access,” A4AI, Aug 2014. {A4AI}
• “Fall from grace: protectionism and monopolies push Cameroon down broadband index,” Research ICT Africa, Jun 2014. {RIA}
• “Access to the internet for women,” Sylvie Siyam, Serge Daho, Balbine Tsafack, GISWatch, 2013. {GISWatch}
• “Cameroun: Gouvernance, transparence et coût d’accès à Internet,” Felix Blanc, Internet Sans Frontieres, Dec 11, 2013. {ISF}
• Presentations from Internet Governance Forum Cameroon, August 2013. {IGF.cm}
• “Participatory Budgeting Cameroon,” Open Development Technology Alliance, Jun 6, 2013 {ARI}
• “Implementation of e-Government in Cameroon,” Eric Sindeu, Telecommunication Regulatory Board of Cameroon, March 2013. {Slideshare}
• “Complementarity or Substitutability Between the Different Modes of Internet Access: A Property Rights-Based Analysis on Cybercafés Offerings with Data from Cameroon,” Georges Bertrand Tamokwe Piaptie, EJISDC, Vol 55, 2012. {EJISDC}
• “ICT and MDG: between dynamism and synergies,” Evolve Consulting, Nov 8, 2012. {Evolve}
• “Contribution conjointe sur le Cameroun présentée à la 16 e session du Groupe de travail du Conseil des droits de l’Homme chargé de l’Examen périodique universel,” PEN International, CPJ, ISF, Oct 2012. {Dropbox}
• “How Mobile technology has been used to create an impact in Cameroon,” Kelvin Murage, iHub Research, October 2012. {iHub}
• “ICT Hubs Model: Understanding the Factors that make up Activspaces Model in Cameroon,” Hilda Moraa and Kelvin Murage, iHub Research, August 2012. {iHub}
• “African Internet Standards Forum Remote Hub Cameroon,” ENSPT, May 12, 2012. {ISOC}
• “Girls in rural Cameroon talk about ICTs,” Linda Raftree, Feb 22, 2011. {lindaraftree.wordpress.com}
• “Chapter 4: Cameroon,” Oliver Nana Nzepa and Robertine Tankeu Keutchankeu, Towards an African e-Index, 2005. {share4dev.info}
• “Internet Development in Africa: The Case of Cameroon,” Lot Tcheeko, 1996. {isoc.org}

Cape Verde:

• “The Internet in a Lusophone LDC: Cape Verde Case Study,” Evora-Sagna, Gray, and Minges, Nov 2002. {itu.int}

Central African Republic:

• “Using SMS to Reach Schools in Five Minutes in a Conflict-Affected Country,” Ye Ra Kim, UNICEF, June 9, 2015. {UNICEF}

Chad:

• “Rapport de l’enquête relative aux problèmes de l’Internet au Tchad,” Internet Society Chad, 2013. {ISOC Chad}

Congo-Brazzaville:

• “Women’s rights and access to the internet,” Romeo Mbengou, GISWatch, 2013. {GISWatch}
• “Becoming an ICT hub for Central Africa,” China Daily, June 29, 2012. {China Daily}
• “Challenges in Implementing a NICT Plan in the Congo,” Sylvester Ngoma, Congo Vision, 2009. {congovision.com}
• “NGOs and ICTs use in Republic of Congo,” Sylvie Niombo Ngoueme, May 2003. {share4dev.info}

Cote d’Ivoire:

• “Yasmina Ouégnin: A strong “NO” that leads to a stronger “YES” for women’s rights,” Nenna Nwakanma, GISWatch, 2013. {GISWatch}
• “ICT and Telecom Sector in Côte d’Ivoire: Analysis of Telecom and ICT Sector,” Marcopolis.net, Feb 27, 2012. {Marcopolis}
• “Telecommunications in Côte d’Ivoire: Story of Orange Côte d’Ivoire,” Marcopolis.net, Jan 2, 2012. {Marcopolis}
• “ICT Sector Côte d’Ivoire,” Interview with H.E. Bruno Nabagné Kone, Minister of Post and ICT of Côte d’Ivoire, Marcopolis.net, Nov 10, 2011. {Marcopolis}
• “Côte d’Ivoire ICT Sector Performance Review 2009/2010,” Research ICT Africa, Vol 2 Paper 15, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}

Dem. Rep. of the Congo:

• “Online violation of women’s rights,” Francoise Mukuku, GISWatch, 2013. {GISWatch}
• “How Internet and Mobile Help Journalists in the Democratic Republic of Congo,” Marie-Soleil Frere, Open Society Foundations, Apr 22, 2013. {OSF}
• “The story of Africa mobile operators – Telecel Zaire,” Mutumwa Mawere, NewsDay, Aug 7, 2012. {NewsDay}
• “Will Vodacom survive in Congo with the entrance of France Telecom?” Telecom Lead, Jul 22, 2011. {Telecom Lead}
• “Democratic Republic of the Congo: Two sides of the same ICT coin – breaking the silence/breaking the laws,” Mavic Cabrera-Balleza, Jul 28, 2010. {genderit.org}

Djibouti:

• “Connecting Africa to the World,” K.O. Peppeh, IDG Connect, Aug 28, 2014. {IDG}
• “Djibouti Telecom: A gateway to the world,” Will Daynes, BusinessExcellence, May 1, 2013. {BusinessExcellence}

Egypt:

• “Observations About Online Activism In Egypt,” Moritz Mihatsch, iAfrikan, Jun 16, 2015. {iAfrikan}
• “‘Egypt is back’ thanks to ICT, says minister,” Rachel Williamson, Wamda, Dec 7, 2014. {Wamda}
• “The Economic and Social Impact of Mobile Broadband in Egypt,” GSMA, Sept 29, 2014. {GSMA}
• “The Internet, Public Protest and Global Activism: An Egyptian Case Study,” Charles Holmes, School of Oriental and African Studies London, 2014. {Academia.edu}
• “The Value of Social Media in Egypt’s Uprising and Beyond,” Sherif H Kamel, EJISDC, Vol 60, 2014. {EJISDC}
• “Contemporary Media Use in Egypt,” Gallup & BBG, Mar 2014. {BBG}
• “ICT Indicators in Brief,” MCIT, Jan 2014. {MCIT}
• “A Digital Humanities Approach: Text, the Internet, and the Egyptian Uprising,” Laila Shereen Sakr, Middle East Critique, Vol. 22, Issue 3 (247-263). Dec 16, 2013. {Taylor & Francis Online}
• “Gender and civil rights: How effective is women’s online activism?,” Leila Hassanin, GISWatch, 2013. {GISWatch}
• “The Future of the Internet Economy in Egypt,” MCIT, Versions 1-3, 2008-2011. {MCIT}
• “Mapping Digital Media: Egypt,” Rasha Abdulla, Open Society Foundations, Aug 2013. {OSF}
• “Online Audience Consumption Habits 2013,” Ipsos MENA, Jul 1, 2013. {Slideshare}
• “Egypt: Telecoms competition intensifies,” Oxford Business Group, Jul 3, 2013. {OBG}
• “Workshop on E-Commerce Council for Trade in Services,” Dr. Nagwa El Shennawy, MCIT, Jun 17, 2013. {WTO}
• “Protest at the speed of light: social networking the revolution,” Roberto Jorquera, Links, May 8, 2013. {Links.org}
• “A Look at Egypt’s ICT Sector: Growth, Strategy, and Impact on Startups,” Mohamed Salah, Wamda, Apr 25, 2013. {Wamda}
• “Expanding technology infrastructure,” Oxford Business Group, Apr 24, 2013. {OBG}
• “ICT in Education in Five Arab Stats: A comparative analysis of ICT integration and e-readiness in schools in Egypt, Jordan, Oman, Palestine and Qatar,” UNESCO, April 2013. {UNESCO}
• “Cascades of Collective Action?” Florian Fischer, CGP Working Papers, Feb 2013. {Center for Global Politics}
• “Egypt’s Internet Future,” bcg.perspectives, Boston Consulting Group, Dec 20, 2012. {bcg.perspectives}
• “The Middle East and North Africa telecoms market: trends and forecasts 2012–2017,” Analysys Mason, Oct 2012, pg 44. {Analysys Mason}
• “Nile IT Newsletter Issue 1 July 2012,” MCIT, Jul 2012. {MCIT}
• “YouTube Audience Measurement Egypt, Think with Google, Jul 2012. {Google}
• “Egypt’s Internet entrepreneurs: Resilient despite difficulties,” Mohamed El Dahshan, Egypt Independent, Apr 1, 2010. {egyptindependent.com}
• “Internet on the Nile: Egypt Case Study,” Kelly and Girardet, March 2010. {itu.int}
• “Profiling Internet Users in Egypt: Understanding the Primary Deterrent Against Their Growth in Number,” Mohamed El-Nawawy, InTouch Communication Services, SAE {isoc.org}
• “Equatorial Guinea: The rebirth of a nation,” Universal News for Foreign Policy, 2010. {foreignpolicy.com}
• “The Impact of ICT Investments on Economic Development in Egypt,” Sherif H Kamel, Dina Rateb, Mohamed El-Tawil, EJISDC, Vol 36, 2009. {EJISDC}
• “Modeling Students’ Intention to Adopt E-learning: A Case from Egypt,” Ahmed Gad Abdel-Wahab, EJISDC, Vol 34, 2008. {EJISDC}
• “The iPhones of Equatorial Guinea, Fortune Tech, Feb 2, 2008. {tech.fortune.cnn.com}
• “Empowerment Zones? Women, Internet Cafés, and Life Transformations in Egypt,” Deborah L. Wheeler, ITID, Vol 4, Issue 2, Winter 2007. {ITID}

Equatorial Guinea:

• “Few, but Strong Virtual Voices,” Ana Lúcia Sá, GlobalVoices, Apr 15, 2011. {GlobalVoices}

Eritrea:

• “Eritrea’s Communications Disconnect,” Caroline Winter, Bloomberg Businessweek, Jun 26, 2014. {BW}
• “Appraising Eritrea’s Social Media (Part II),” Dr. Bereket Berhane Woldeab, Jun 27, 2013. {Awate.com}
• “Internet Penetration in Eritrea close to African average”, Jun 1, 2009. {Caperi.com}
• “An Optimal Eritrean Internet,” Eritrea Technical Exchange, 1998. {Punchdown}

Ethiopia:

• “The Internet and Regulatory Responses in Ethiopia: Telecoms, Cybercrimes, Privacy, E-commerce, and the New Media,” KM Yilma and HH Abraha, Mizan Law Review, Vol. 9, No.1, 2015. {AJOL}
• “The Internet and Ethiopias IP Law, Internet Governance and Legal Education: An Overview,” KM Yilma, HH Abraha, Mizan Law Review, Vol. 9, No.1, 2015. {AJOL}
• “The Role of ICT Expenditure for Cash Crop Production and Income Generation in Southern Ethiopia,” Wondmagegn Tafesse Tirkaso, Sebastian Hess, EJISDC, Vol 71, 2015. {EJISDC}
• “The ICT scenario in the Ethiopian context: get ready for a groundbreaking technology,” Franceso Osimanti, Jun 18, 2015. {Wivela}
• “The Promises and Challenges of ICT – Pedagogy Integration in Developing Countries: The Case of Ethiopia,” Dessalegn Mequanint, Dagmawi Lemma, Addis Ababa University, College of Natural Sciences, Department of Computer Science. Jan 2015. {ISOC}
• “The Role of ICT for the Growth of Small Enterprises in Ethiopia,” Yasin Ali Hassen, Ann Svensson, EJISDC, Vol 65, 2014. {EJISDC}
• “They Know Everything We Do: Telecom and Internet Surveillance in Ethiopia,” Human Rights Watch, Mar 2014. {HRW}
• “‘A Country in Order’: Technopolitics, Nation Building, and the Development of ICT in Ethiopia,” Iginio Gagliardone, ITID, Vol 10, Issue 1, Spring 2014. {ITID}
• “Information needs and seeking behaviour among health professionals working at public hospital and health centres in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia,” Mulusew Andualem, Gashaw Kebede and Abera Kumie, BMC Health Services Research 2013, 13:534, Dec 27, 2013. {BMC}
• “Empowering women through ICTs,” Abebe Checkol, GISWatch, 2013. {GISWatch}
• “Toeing the party line,” Africa Confidential, Apr 12, 2013. {Africa Confidential}
• “The effective role of e-government in combating corruption,” Abebe Chekol, GISWatch, 2012. {GISWatch}
• “A list of blocked sites in Ethiopia,” zelalemkibret.wordpress.com, 2012. {Google Doc}
• “Somalia has better Internet and mobile services than Ethiopia,” Dula Abdu, ECADF, Jan 2013. {ECADF}
• “Update on information controls in Ethiopia,” Irene Poetranto, OpenNet Initiative, Nov 1, 2012. {ONI}
• “Disconnected Ethiopian Netizens,” Markos Lemma, Digital Development Debates, Oct 2012. {DDD}
• “Ethiopia – draft Proclamation of Telecom Fraud Offences,” Government of Ethiopia, May 2012. {oAfrica}
• Lagebo, Birkinesh W. (2011) “Factors Impacting the Use of Videoconferencing for Training: A Case Study in the Public Health Sector of Ethiopia,” The African Journal of Information Systems: Vol. 3: Iss. 2, Article 1. {AJIS}
• “Ethiopia ICT Sector Performance Review 2009/2010,” Research ICT Africa Vol 2 Paper 9, 2010. {Research ICT Africa}
• “ICTs for Development in Ethiopia: A Case of the SchoolNet Project,” Tomonari Takeuchi, 2008. {Edu-ICT4D}
• “The CyberEthiopia Initiative,” Kitaw Yayeh-Yirad, Jul 2004. {cyberethiopia.com}
• “Internet in Ethiopia”, Samuel Kinde, Feb 2001. {ethiopians.com}